1// <thread> -*- C++ -*-
2
3// Copyright (C) 2008-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4//
5// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
6// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9// any later version.
10
11// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14// GNU General Public License for more details.
15
16// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19
20// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
23// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24
25/** @file include/thread
26 * This is a Standard C++ Library header.
27 */
28
29#ifndef _GLIBCXX_THREAD
30#define _GLIBCXX_THREAD 1
31
32#pragma GCC system_header
33
34#if __cplusplus < 201103L
35# include <bits/c++0x_warning.h>
36#else
37
38#include <chrono>
39#include <memory>
40#include <tuple>
41#include <cerrno>
42#include <bits/functexcept.h>
43#include <bits/functional_hash.h>
44#include <bits/invoke.h>
45#include <bits/gthr.h>
46
47#if defined(_GLIBCXX_HAS_GTHREADS)
48
49namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
50{
51_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
52
53 /**
54 * @defgroup threads Threads
55 * @ingroup concurrency
56 *
57 * Classes for thread support.
58 * @{
59 */
60
61 /// thread
62 class thread
63 {
64 public:
65 // Abstract base class for types that wrap arbitrary functors to be
66 // invoked in the new thread of execution.
67 struct _State
68 {
69 virtual ~_State();
70 virtual void _M_run() = 0;
71 };
72 using _State_ptr = unique_ptr<_State>;
73
74 typedef __gthread_t native_handle_type;
75
76 /// thread::id
77 class id
78 {
79 native_handle_type _M_thread;
80
81 public:
82 id() noexcept : _M_thread() { }
83
84 explicit
85 id(native_handle_type __id) : _M_thread(__id) { }
86
87 private:
88 friend class thread;
89 friend class hash<thread::id>;
90
91 friend bool
92 operator==(thread::id __x, thread::id __y) noexcept;
93
94 friend bool
95 operator<(thread::id __x, thread::id __y) noexcept;
96
97 template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
98 friend basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
99 operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __out, thread::id __id);
100 };
101
102 private:
103 id _M_id;
104
105 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
106 // 2097. packaged_task constructors should be constrained
107 // 3039. Unnecessary decay in thread and packaged_task
108 template<typename _Tp>
109 using __not_same = __not_<is_same<__remove_cvref_t<_Tp>, thread>>;
110
111 public:
112 thread() noexcept = default;
113
114 template<typename _Callable, typename... _Args,
115 typename = _Require<__not_same<_Callable>>>
116 explicit
117 thread(_Callable&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
118 {
119 static_assert( __is_invocable<typename decay<_Callable>::type,
120 typename decay<_Args>::type...>::value,
121 "std::thread arguments must be invocable after conversion to rvalues"
122 );
123
124#ifdef GTHR_ACTIVE_PROXY
125 // Create a reference to pthread_create, not just the gthr weak symbol.
126 auto __depend = reinterpret_cast<void(*)()>(&pthread_create);
127#else
128 auto __depend = nullptr;
129#endif
130 _M_start_thread(_S_make_state(
131 __make_invoker(std::forward<_Callable>(__f),
132 std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)),
133 __depend);
134 }
135
136 ~thread()
137 {
138 if (joinable())
139 std::terminate();
140 }
141
142 thread(const thread&) = delete;
143
144 thread(thread&& __t) noexcept
145 { swap(__t); }
146
147 thread& operator=(const thread&) = delete;
148
149 thread& operator=(thread&& __t) noexcept
150 {
151 if (joinable())
152 std::terminate();
153 swap(__t);
154 return *this;
155 }
156
157 void
158 swap(thread& __t) noexcept
159 { std::swap(_M_id, __t._M_id); }
160
161 bool
162 joinable() const noexcept
163 { return !(_M_id == id()); }
164
165 void
166 join();
167
168 void
169 detach();
170
171 thread::id
172 get_id() const noexcept
173 { return _M_id; }
174
175 /** @pre thread is joinable
176 */
177 native_handle_type
178 native_handle()
179 { return _M_id._M_thread; }
180
181 // Returns a value that hints at the number of hardware thread contexts.
182 static unsigned int
183 hardware_concurrency() noexcept;
184
185 private:
186 template<typename _Callable>
187 struct _State_impl : public _State
188 {
189 _Callable _M_func;
190
191 _State_impl(_Callable&& __f) : _M_func(std::forward<_Callable>(__f))
192 { }
193
194 void
195 _M_run() { _M_func(); }
196 };
197
198 void
199 _M_start_thread(_State_ptr, void (*)());
200
201 template<typename _Callable>
202 static _State_ptr
203 _S_make_state(_Callable&& __f)
204 {
205 using _Impl = _State_impl<_Callable>;
206 return _State_ptr{new _Impl{std::forward<_Callable>(__f)}};
207 }
208#if _GLIBCXX_THREAD_ABI_COMPAT
209 public:
210 struct _Impl_base;
211 typedef shared_ptr<_Impl_base> __shared_base_type;
212 struct _Impl_base
213 {
214 __shared_base_type _M_this_ptr;
215 virtual ~_Impl_base() = default;
216 virtual void _M_run() = 0;
217 };
218
219 private:
220 void
221 _M_start_thread(__shared_base_type, void (*)());
222
223 void
224 _M_start_thread(__shared_base_type);
225#endif
226
227 private:
228 // A call wrapper that does INVOKE(forwarded tuple elements...)
229 template<typename _Tuple>
230 struct _Invoker
231 {
232 _Tuple _M_t;
233
234 template<typename>
235 struct __result;
236 template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
237 struct __result<tuple<_Fn, _Args...>>
238 : __invoke_result<_Fn, _Args...>
239 { };
240
241 template<size_t... _Ind>
242 typename __result<_Tuple>::type
243 _M_invoke(_Index_tuple<_Ind...>)
244 { return std::__invoke(std::get<_Ind>(std::move(_M_t))...); }
245
246 typename __result<_Tuple>::type
247 operator()()
248 {
249 using _Indices
250 = typename _Build_index_tuple<tuple_size<_Tuple>::value>::__type;
251 return _M_invoke(_Indices());
252 }
253 };
254
255 template<typename... _Tp>
256 using __decayed_tuple = tuple<typename decay<_Tp>::type...>;
257
258 public:
259 // Returns a call wrapper that stores
260 // tuple{DECAY_COPY(__callable), DECAY_COPY(__args)...}.
261 template<typename _Callable, typename... _Args>
262 static _Invoker<__decayed_tuple<_Callable, _Args...>>
263 __make_invoker(_Callable&& __callable, _Args&&... __args)
264 {
265 return { __decayed_tuple<_Callable, _Args...>{
266 std::forward<_Callable>(__callable), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...
267 } };
268 }
269 };
270
271 inline void
272 swap(thread& __x, thread& __y) noexcept
273 { __x.swap(__y); }
274
275 inline bool
276 operator==(thread::id __x, thread::id __y) noexcept
277 {
278 // pthread_equal is undefined if either thread ID is not valid, so we
279 // can't safely use __gthread_equal on default-constructed values (nor
280 // the non-zero value returned by this_thread::get_id() for
281 // single-threaded programs using GNU libc). Assume EqualityComparable.
282 return __x._M_thread == __y._M_thread;
283 }
284
285 inline bool
286 operator!=(thread::id __x, thread::id __y) noexcept
287 { return !(__x == __y); }
288
289 inline bool
290 operator<(thread::id __x, thread::id __y) noexcept
291 {
292 // Pthreads doesn't define any way to do this, so we just have to
293 // assume native_handle_type is LessThanComparable.
294 return __x._M_thread < __y._M_thread;
295 }
296
297 inline bool
298 operator<=(thread::id __x, thread::id __y) noexcept
299 { return !(__y < __x); }
300
301 inline bool
302 operator>(thread::id __x, thread::id __y) noexcept
303 { return __y < __x; }
304
305 inline bool
306 operator>=(thread::id __x, thread::id __y) noexcept
307 { return !(__x < __y); }
308
309 // DR 889.
310 /// std::hash specialization for thread::id.
311 template<>
312 struct hash<thread::id>
313 : public __hash_base<size_t, thread::id>
314 {
315 size_t
316 operator()(const thread::id& __id) const noexcept
317 { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__id._M_thread); }
318 };
319
320 template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
321 inline basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
322 operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __out, thread::id __id)
323 {
324 if (__id == thread::id())
325 return __out << "thread::id of a non-executing thread";
326 else
327 return __out << __id._M_thread;
328 }
329
330 /** @namespace std::this_thread
331 * @brief ISO C++ 2011 entities sub-namespace for thread.
332 * 30.3.2 Namespace this_thread.
333 */
334 namespace this_thread
335 {
336 /// get_id
337 inline thread::id
338 get_id() noexcept
339 {
340#ifdef __GLIBC__
341 // For the GNU C library pthread_self() is usable without linking to
342 // libpthread.so but returns 0, so we cannot use it in single-threaded
343 // programs, because this_thread::get_id() != thread::id{} must be true.
344 // We know that pthread_t is an integral type in the GNU C library.
345 if (!__gthread_active_p())
346 return thread::id(1);
347#endif
348 return thread::id(__gthread_self());
349 }
350
351 /// yield
352 inline void
353 yield() noexcept
354 {
355#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_SCHED_YIELD
356 __gthread_yield();
357#endif
358 }
359
360 void
361 __sleep_for(chrono::seconds, chrono::nanoseconds);
362
363 /// sleep_for
364 template<typename _Rep, typename _Period>
365 inline void
366 sleep_for(const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& __rtime)
367 {
368 if (__rtime <= __rtime.zero())
369 return;
370 auto __s = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::seconds>(__rtime);
371 auto __ns = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::nanoseconds>(__rtime - __s);
372#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_NANOSLEEP
373 __gthread_time_t __ts =
374 {
375 static_cast<std::time_t>(__s.count()),
376 static_cast<long>(__ns.count())
377 };
378 while (::nanosleep(&__ts, &__ts) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
379 { }
380#else
381 __sleep_for(__s, __ns);
382#endif
383 }
384
385 /// sleep_until
386 template<typename _Clock, typename _Duration>
387 inline void
388 sleep_until(const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration>& __atime)
389 {
390 auto __now = _Clock::now();
391 if (_Clock::is_steady)
392 {
393 if (__now < __atime)
394 sleep_for(__atime - __now);
395 return;
396 }
397 while (__now < __atime)
398 {
399 sleep_for(__atime - __now);
400 __now = _Clock::now();
401 }
402 }
403 }
404
405 /// @} group threads
406
407_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
408} // namespace
409
410#endif // _GLIBCXX_HAS_GTHREADS
411
412#endif // C++11
413
414#endif // _GLIBCXX_THREAD
415